In order to increase transparency and accountability in scientific research, Pen Academic requires all authors to clearly declare the sources of financial support for their work.

Authors should submit a statement of funding when submitting their manuscript, including

• Which institution(s), organisation(s) or funder(s) supported the research,
• Identifying information of the supporting organisations, such as project number, grant code or contract number (if available),
• The extent of funding received for all or part of the research,
• Direct or indirect support that may create any commercial interest in the research process.

For studies that do not have funding support, authors are required to submit a clear statement stating that ‘This study has not been funded by any institution or organisation’.

Pen Academic journals also aim to transparently reveal the effects of funders on the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation or publication of the study. Therefore, the contribution of the supporting organisations to the research process should be clearly stated.

Authors undertake that all information they provide regarding funding is accurate, current and complete. Incomplete or misleading statements may result in rejection or withdrawal of the manuscript from publication.