Pen Academic recognises the protection of the accuracy, integrity and reliability of the scientific record as a fundamental publishing principle. Accordingly, in case of serious errors, ethical violations or misleading information in published articles, retraction or correction procedures are initiated.

Retraction

A manuscript is retracted if the scientific validity of the manuscript is significantly affected by

• Use of fabricated, falsified or falsified data,
• Plagiarism,
• Publication misconduct (e.g. duplicate publication, unauthorised authorship, concealment of conflict of interest),
• Serious methodological errors or inferences based on incorrect conclusions,
• Lack of approval in studies requiring ethics committee approval,
• Legal requirements in line with court orders or official requests.

Retracted articles are not deleted from the journal system; instead, a " Retraction Notice ’ is published. In the notification, the reasons for withdrawal are clearly stated and the word withdrawn is added to the online version of the article.

Correction (Correction / Erratum)

Corrections are published for technical or content errors that do not require retraction but are important for the accuracy of the scientific content (e.g. typos, missing author names, inaccuracy of tables/figures, etc.). The correction text is published with a link to the relevant article, and the original article includes a note about the change.

Correction requests:

• Author(s),
• Editor(s),
• Reader(s) or
• It can be forwarded by the referee(s).

Responsibility and Process

• Correction and withdrawal decisions are taken by the editor-in-chief and editorial board in accordance with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines.
• Each case is evaluated individually and the process is carried out transparently.
• Misuse of retraction or correction requests or unsubstantiated statements are also investigated.

This policy aims to protect scientific knowledge within the framework of integrity and not to mislead readers. Pen Academic Journals is aware that every content it publishes should be a permanent and reliable scientific source.